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Edward Robertshaw Hartley (1855–1918) was a British socialist politician. Hartley began work in a mill at the age of ten, before becoming a warehouse clerk and then a butcher.〔''The Reformers Year Book'' (1909), p.221〕 He became an active socialist in 1885, in reaction to serious unemployment in his home town of Bradford. He was a founder member of the Bradford Labour Union and the Independent Labour Party (ILP).〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', p.306〕 He stood for the party in Dewsbury at the 1895 UK general election, taking 10.4% of the vote, but was not elected.〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', pp.128-130〕 However, he did gain election to Bradford City Council that year, representing Manningham, and held his seat for over a decade.〔D. G. Wright et al, ''Victorian Bradford'', p.227〕 At the 1900 UK general election, he was nominated in Pudsey, but withdrew on the eve of the poll.〔Keith Laybourn and Jack Reynolds, ''Liberalism and the rise of Labour, 1890-1918'', pp.164〕 Hartley was intended as the ILP candidate for the Dewsbury by-election, 1902, with the support of the local trades council and the Labour Representation Committee, but the rival Social Democratic Federation (SDF) nominated Harry Quelch. Initially, neither candidate would withdraw, but the trades council convinced the ILP to drop Hartley's candidacy. Quelch did not gain the support of the local labour movement, nor of the ILP leadership. Angered by what he saw as pandering to the right-wing of the labour movement, Hartley actively supported Quelch's candidacy and joined the SDF.〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', pp.138-141〕 He founded a new SDF branch in Bradford, in 1904,〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', p.204〕 and was elected to the SDF's executive for seven years, using the position to advocate socialist unity.〔 Yet he remained part of the ILP group on Bradford Council, and was re-elected on the ILP ticket in Bradford Moor in 1905.〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', p.327〕 Hartley stood for the SDF in Bradford East at the 1906 UK general election, where he held joint meetings with Fred Jowett, Labour Party candidate for Bradford West, and he secured the support of the local ILP.〔Keith Laybourn and Jack Reynolds, ''Liberalism and the rise of Labour, 1890-1918'', pp.133-136〕 He won 22.8% of the vote, but again missed election. He next stood for the party in the Newcastle by-election, 1908, then back in Bradford East in the January 1910 UK general election.〔Martin Crick, ''The History of the Social Democratic Federation'', p.330〕 From 1910 until 1912, Hartley was the secretary of ''The Clarion'' Van Movement. He then toured Australia and New Zealand for eighteen months.〔 On his return, he stood in the Leicester by-election, 1913. Sitting MP Ramsay Macdonald had persuaded the Labour Party not to stand a candidate, in the hope of a Liberal victory, but this enabled Hartley to attract the support of many ILP members, ultimately taking 11.4% of the vote.〔David Howell, ''British workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888-1906'', p.240〕 On the outbreak of World War I, Hartley became strongly pro-war and left the SDF to join the British Workers League, in the process losing most of his political support.〔 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Hartley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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